Kosmos-3M

PO Polyot

One of the most-flown rockets in history — 444 launches over 43 years, primarily deploying Soviet and Russian military Cosmos satellites.

Kosmos-3M is a two-stage rocket derived from the R-14 ICBM, using storable hypergolic propellants. With 444 launches between 1967 and 2010, it is one of the most frequently flown launch vehicles in history, surpassed only by the Soyuz family. It primarily launched military reconnaissance and navigation satellites under the Cosmos designation, as well as some commercial and scientific payloads from Western customers.

Fun facts

444 launches over 43 years — one of the most-flown rockets in history.

Launched payloads for 17 countries including Germany, France, India, and Sweden.

Its 96.6% success rate is remarkable for such a high-volume launcher.

Height

32.4 m

Diameter

2.4 m

Mass

109 t

Stages

Thrust